The oral microbiome is the community of over 700 types of microbes (mostly bacteria, plus fungi, viruses, and more) that live in the mouth. They colonise on the teeth, tongue, gums, cheeks, and in the saliva. Some microbes are beneficial and have a protective effect, some are neutral, and others can become harmful if they are given the opportunity to overgrow. When the balance is disrupted (known as dysbiosis), this can contribute to a range of symptoms which can be linked to the development of disease.
What are the signs and symptoms of oral microbiome imbalance?
● Tooth decay and cavities
● Gum disease
● Bad breath (halitosis)
● Dry mouth
● Oral thrush (fungal overgrowth)
● Frequent mouth infections or sores
● Inflammation or burning sensation
How does this impact on women's health?
1. Hormonal Influence on the Oral Microbiome
● Puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause cause hormonal shifts that affect saliva composition and immune responses in the mouth.
● Oestrogen and progesterone can lead to increased gum sensitivity and inflammation, especially during pregnancy or menstruation.
2. Pregnancy and Oral Health
● Pregnancy-related hormonal changes can trigger pregnancy gingivitis and increase risk for periodontitis.
● Some studies link periodontal disease to preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia.
3. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
● PCOS is often associated with chronic low-grade inflammation.
● Women with PCOS may show increased oral pathogens which may worsen insulin resistance and inflammation.
4. Menopause and Oral Health
● Reduced oestrogen during menopause can cause dry mouth, burning sensations, and bone loss in the jaw.
● These changes make the mouth more vulnerable to dental decay and periodontal disease.
5. Oral Microbiome and Cardiovascular Risk
● Periodontal pathogens can enter the bloodstream and promote systemic inflammation.
● This may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk, particularly relevant for postmenopausal women.
Tips for Supporting a Healthy Oral Microbiome
● Regular brushing and flossing
● Use of non-alcoholic mouthwash to preserve beneficial microbes – We love Bio Me Oral – a probiotic mouthwash which supports the oral microbiome.
- Buy Bio Me Oral Mouthwash HERE
● Consider a toothpaste that contains hydroxyapatite which can help remineralise tooth enamel, reducing the risk of cavities such as RiseWell.
- Buy Risewell Toothpaste HERE
● Limiting sugar and refined carbs
● Diet rich in fibre, probiotics, and polyphenols
● Staying hydrated
● Managing stress (which can alter microbial balance)
Further support at Body Fabulous
Oral Microbiome Test - This test can help identify good and bad bacteria linked to oral and gut health.
Book a General Advice Call - Speak with our clinical team who can advise on the right testing or supplements based on your symptoms and needs.
