Variants this may be helpful for: FUT2, TCN2, MTR, MTRR, MUT
Vitamin B12 is involved in almost every bodily function including the synthesis of DNA and other genetic material, the formation of red blood cells and plays a key role in the brain and nervous system. B12 is also required alongside folate for healthy methylation and the production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe).
What is B12’s role in methylation?
B12 plays a vital role in methylation in a variety of ways. Genetic variations can mean that B12 isn't being utilised properly which can have a negative effect on methylation in multiple ways:
● Variants of the FUT2 gene are associated with lower vitamin B12 levels. This is thought to be due to an increased risk of infection of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H Pylori) which can reduce stomach acid production and intrinsic factor and inhibits the absorption of vitamin B12. Supporting the digestive system is key to supporting nutrient absorption including vitamin B12.
● The TCN2 gene is involved in transporting vitamin B12 from the blood into the cells. A variant of this gene is associated with less efficient transportation of B12 into the cells which can lead to low serum vitamin B12 and higher homocysteine levels.
● Variants in the MTR and MTRR genes can impact B12 utilisation and recycling.
● The MUT gene is associated with low circulating B12 levels and raised homocysteine. Sufficient B12 levels can support this gene which will come from adenosyl-B12 supplementation. Also, supporting the gut to ensure B12 is absorbed from animal sources.
B12 and folate are interdependent. Insufficient B12 can result in methyl folate not being able to give up its methyl group. This can prevent folate being recycled as THF. This is known as the folate trap. Without these nutrients, methylation is impaired.
Signs and symptoms of B12 deficiency:
● Feeling very tired, weak or fatigued
● Pale or yellow skin
● Sore red tongue (glossitis)
● Headaches
● Gastrointestinal issues such as bloating, diarrhoea or constipation
● Depression.
Where can vitamin B12 be found?
● Vitamin B12 can be found in eggs, tuna and beef steak. If you are vegan or follow a plant-based diet, supplementation may be warranted to support your B12 levels.
How much vitamin B12 do I need?
● Adults aged 19 to 64 need about 1.5 micrograms of vitamin B12 a day for both men and women.
● Pregnant or breastfeeding women may require around 2.4 micrograms a day during this time.
● For those following a vegan or plant-based diet, supplementing with at least 10 micrograms of B12 per day is recommended. The main source of B12 is found in animal-based foods and products, and so supplementation is recommended to avoid deficiency.
● Adults over 60 are at an increased risk of vitamin B12 deficiency as this nutrient requires stomach acid and intrinsic factor to be broken down, which naturally declines with age. This can affect the absorption of vitamin B12. Some studies show that supplementing with 500 micrograms a day for 8 weeks can help restore low B12 levels.
What are ideal blood levels for average adults?
● Vitamin B12 deficiency: Total B12 concentration less than 180 nanograms/L (133 picomol/L)
● Possible deficiency: Total B12 concentration 180-350 nanograms/L (133-258 picomol/L)
● Unlikely to be deficiency: Total B12 concentration more than 350 nanograms/L (258 picomol/L
Forms of Vitamin B12:
Cyanocobalamin: A synthetic form used in supplements.
Hydroxocobalamin: A form used in injections.
Methylcobalamin: An active form in the body.
Adenosylcobalamin: Another active form in the body
Further Testing at Body Fabulous
Full Blood Test: This test assesses a variety of nutrients and health markers including vitamin B12, folate levels and more.
The Ultimate Methylation Vitamin Blood Test: Assess a range of vitamins including B12, folate and more.
Book a General Advice Call: Speak with our clinical team who can advise on the right testing to help you identify the right tests or supplements based on your symptoms
